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"Jerusalem of the West" was a term historically used by Jews to describe a non-Jewish city west of Jerusalem where the Jewish diaspora nonetheless enjoyed significant influence, freedom (of religion), and numbers, usually in Western Europe or Maghreb. Possibly its most persistent use was that of the Jews of Amsterdam. ==Applications== In Europe, Amsterdam was commonly associated with the term and was called ''Jeruzalem van het Westen'' in Dutch.〔Ridley Haim Herschell. (The Voice of Israel ), 1845. pg. 27.〕 Sephardic Jews from Spain and Portugal first settled there in the 17th-century〔Antonie Wessels. (Muslims in the West: can they be integrated ), Peeters Publishers, 2006. pg. 9. ISBN 90-429-1684-2.〕 and in 1672, there were an estimated 7,500 Jews living in the city.〔D. van Galen Last, Rolf Wolfswinkel. (Anne Frank and after ), Amsterdam University Press, 1996. pg. 17. ISBN 90-5356-177-3.〕 Holland had a reputation of hospitality and tolerance which was rare in Europe at the time. It was "the first city in Europe where Jews were free from persecution and where they enjoyed religious liberty, ample economic opportunities and social equality."〔(Beth Hatefutsoth: the first years ), Beth Hatefutsoth, the Nahum Goldmann Museum of the Jewish Diaspora, 1983. pg. 53.〕 The epithet signalled that the Jews felt comfortable in the city.〔D. van Galen Last, Rolf Wolfswinkel. (Anne Frank and after ), Amsterdam University Press, 1996. pg. 12. ISBN 90-5356-177-3.〕 Prior to the Holocaust, there were about 80,000 Jews living in Amsterdam.〔(Jewish identity in football clubs )〕 In Northern Africa, Tlemcen in Algeria was called "Jerusalem of the West". In the 15th-century, the town was considered a major Jewish spiritual centre.〔John Hunwick. (Jews of a Saharan oasis: elimination of the Tamantit community ), Markus Wiener Publishers, 2006. Back Cover. ISBN 1-55876-346-5.〕 André Chouraqui believed that there was a genuine geographical correspondence between the town and Jerusalem. He wrote: "We were living our dream in the midst of the beautiful countryside of the Maghreb. Tlemcen...resembles the city of David in altitude, climate, fauna and flora, to such an extent that we called in the Jerusalem of the Maghreb."〔Susan Slyomovics. (The walled Arab city in literature, architecture history: the living Medina in the Maghrib ) "Geographies of Jewish Tlemcen." Routledge, 2001. pg. 81. ISBN 0-7146-5177-X.〕 Other towns given the appellation include: Toledo,〔Homero Aridjis, Ilan Stavans. (1492: The Life and Times of Juan Cabezon of Castile ), UNM Press, 2003. pg. 1. ISBN 0-8263-3096-7.〕 Vilna〔(Notable American women: a biographical dictionary completing the twentieth century ), Harvard University Press, 2004. pg. 154. ISBN 0-674-01488-X.〕 and Antwerp.〔Jonathan Irvine Israel, R. Salverda. (Dutch Jewry: its history and secular culture (1500-2000) ), BRILL 2002. pg. 291. ISBN 90-04-12436-5.〕 Many others towns in northern Africa were also called symbolically after Jerusalem: Ghardaia, M'zab (Second Jerusalem), Djerba, Tunisia (Ante-chamber of Jerusalem, Jerusalem of Africa), Ifrane, Morocco (Little Jerusalem).〔Marie-Noëlle Bourguet, Lucette Valensi, Nathan Wachtel. (Between memory and history, Volume 2 ), Taylor & Francis, 1990. pg. 81. ISBN 3-7186-5067-3.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jerusalem of the West」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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